India’s Economic growth reaches new low

India’s economic growth slowed much more than expected in the third quarter, hampered by weaker expansions in manufacturing and consumption, likely adding pressure on the central bank for interest rate cuts.

Gross domestic output in the world’s fifth biggest economy rose by 5.4% in July-September year-on-year, data showed last Friday, the slowest pace in seven quarters and below a Reuters poll of 6.5%. In the previous quarter it grew 6.7%.

The gross value added (GVA), a more stable measure of economic activity, also saw a modest 5.6% growth, easing from a 6.8% increase in the previous quarter.

India’s chief economic adviser V Anantha Nageswaran told reporters the growth figure was disappointing amid a challenging global environment.

While highlighting surging imports of cheap steel from China, Japan and South Korea, he said: “The bulk of the slowdown has been predominantly due to the manufacturing sector … Some of it is also due to the presence of excess capacity elsewhere and imports dumping in India”

The slowdown, visible across a number of sectors, was indeed most pronounced in manufacturing, where year-on-year growth dropped to 2.2% compared with 7% the previous quarter.

Suman Chowdhury, chief economist at Acuite Ratings said: “The economy has hit a bump on its post-pandemic recovery path, with a much slower manufacturing sector and mining sector dragging down growth prospects.”

Economists say inflation, now running at around 6%, is biting into demand for goods ranging from soaps to shampoos to cars, particularly in urban areas. Private consumer spending rose 6 % from a year earlier, compared with 7.4% in the previous quarter.

The slowdown also came despite government spending rising 4.4% year-on-year in July-September, compared with a 0.2% contraction the previous quarter.

Helped by a good monsoon, agricultural output did better, rising 3.5% compared from 2% growth the previous quarter.

The government adviser said that growth prospects were still resilient and that rural demand would remain a supporting factor. Third-quarter corporate earnings had hinted at a slowdown in the country.

More than 50% of the 44 firms in the blue-chip Nifty 50 index that have reported earnings have either missed analysts’ estimates or reported results in line with expectations, according to data compiled by LSEG.

Companies like Maruti Suzuki and FMCG giants Nestle India and Hindustan Unilever reported sluggish urban consumption in the September quarter.

Growth in inflation-adjusted wage costs for listed Indian firms, a proxy for the earnings of urban Indians – has remained below 2% for all the three quarters of 2024, well below the 10-year average of 4.4%, data from Citi showed.

Slower earnings growth prompted record foreign outflows of nearly $12 billion (£9.5bn) from the Indian equity markets in October.

Bond yields and overnight index swap rates, seen as an indicator of interest rates, fell after the GDP release, signalling an increased probability of an interest rate cut in February.

A few economists, however, said the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) may even consider a rate cut in December.

Gaura Sengupta, economist at Mumbai-based IDFC First Bank said: “Post today’s (GDP) print, there is a high probability of an RBI rate cut in December.”

India’s finance and trade ministers have called for lower interest rates to help industries to ramp up investments and build capacities, although Nageswaran kept his council when speaking to reporters.

The government’s chief economic adviser said: “All of us see the data, the central bank is also seeing the data. They know what to do and I will be not commenting on this question.

The RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) left its benchmark repo rate unchanged at 6.50% last month due to still high inflation, while tweaking its policy stance to “neutral”.

The bank, which last cut rates in May 2020, announces its next policy decision on the 6th of December.